XML Tutorial 2 XML stands for Extensible Markup Language. It is a text-based markup language derived from Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). XML tags identify the data and are used to store and organize the data. I was looking at wikipedia - Category:XML-based programming languages. Why would someone take this approach for designing a language? What are the advantages of it? I can only think of disadvanta. Learn XML Programming. Jeremy Reis Internet No Comments. Free XML Programming Tutorial. XML, or eXtensible Markup Language, is a programming language standard for the Internet. XML provides a method to define data formats. A markup language is a system for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. XML (Extensible Markup Language). Programming language; Style language. ![]() As a result, implementing an. DB2 for IBM i provides support to store and retrieve XML data using Structured Query Language (SQL). PDF file for SQL XML programming You can view and print a PDF file of this information. SQL statements and SQL/XML functions.![]() Markup language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A markup language is a system for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. Markup instructs the software that displays the text to carry out appropriate actions, but is omitted from the version of the text that users see. Some markup languages, such as the widely used HTML, have pre- defined presentation semantics. Others, such as XML, do not. Hyper. Text Markup Language (HTML), one of the document formats of the World Wide Web, is an instance of SGML (though, strictly, it does not comply with all the rules of SGML), and follows many of the markup conventions used in the publishing industry in the communication of printed work between authors, editors, and printers. Such markup is usually hidden from human users, even authors or editors. Event-Driven XML Programming Guide PDF Companion File. XML is a markup language that allows you to describe the structure of a document’s data entirely in text, using tags that you can arbitrarily define. Introduction to XML Previous Next. The XML language has no predefined tags. The tags in the example above (like <to> and <from>) are not defined in any XML standard. These tags are 'invented' by the author of the XML. Download free XML eBooks in pdf format or read XML books online. Featured Books; AI and Robotics. Procedural markup. Markup is embedded in text and provides instructions for programs that are to process the text. Well- known examples include troff, Te. X, and Post. Script. It is expected that the processor will run through the text from beginning to end, following the instructions as encountered. Text with such markup is often edited with the markup visible and directly manipulated by the author. Popular procedural- markup systems usually include programming constructs, so macros or subroutines can be defined and invoked by name. Descriptive markup. Markup is used to label parts of the document rather than to provide specific instructions as to how they should be processed. Well- known examples include La. Te. X, HTML, and XML. The objective is to decouple the inherent structure of the document from any particular treatment or rendition of it. Such markup is often described as . An example of descriptive markup would be HTML's < cite> tag, which is used to label a citation. In modern word- processing systems, presentational markup is often saved in descriptive- markup- oriented systems such as XML, and then processed procedurally by implementations. The programming constructs in procedural- markup systems such as Te. X may be used to create higher- level markup systems that are more descriptive, such as La. Te. X. In recent years, a number of small and largely unstandardized markup languages have been developed to allow authors to create formatted text via web browsers, for use in wikis and web forums. These are sometimes called lightweight markup languages. Markdown or the markup language used by Wikipedia are examples of such wiki markup. History. For centuries, this task was done primarily by skilled typographers known as . Markup was also commonly applied by editors, proofreaders, publishers, and graphic designers, and indeed by document authors. Gen. Code. Tunnicliffe at a conference in 1. It can be seen as a response to the emergence of programs such as RUNOFF that each used their own control notations, often specific to the target typesetting device. In the 1. 97. 0s, Tunnicliffe led the development of a standard called Gen. Code for the publishing industry and later was the first chair of the International Organization for Standardization committee that created SGML, the first standard descriptive markup language. Book designer Stanley Rice published speculation along similar lines in 1. Goldfarb hit upon the basic idea while working on a primitive document management system intended for law firms in 1. IBM GML later that same year. GML was first publicly disclosed in 1. In 1. 97. 5, Goldfarb moved from Cambridge, Massachusetts to Silicon Valley and became a product planner at the IBM Almaden Research Center. There, he convinced IBM's executives to deploy GML commercially in 1. IBM's Document Composition Facility product, and it was widely used in business within a few years. SGML, which was based on both GML and Gen. Code, was developed by Goldfarb in 1. SGML was first released by ISO as the ISO 8. October 1. 98. 6. In these systems, formatting commands were inserted into the document text so that typesetting software could format the text according to the editor's specifications. It was a trial and error iterative process to get a document printed correctly. Te. X concentrated on detailed layout of text and font descriptions to typeset mathematical books. This required Knuth to spend considerable time investigating the art of typesetting. Te. X is mainly used in academia, where it is a de facto standard in many scientific disciplines. A Te. X macro package known as La. Te. X provides a descriptive markup system on top of Te. X, and is widely used. Scribe, GML and SGML. Scribe influenced the development of Generalized Markup Language (later SGML) and is a direct ancestor to HTML and La. Te. X. In the early 1. SGML. The language was developed by a committee chaired by Goldfarb. It incorporated ideas from many different sources, including Tunnicliffe's project, Gen. Code. Sharon Adler, Anders Berglund, and James A. Marke were also key members of the SGML committee. SGML specified a syntax for including the markup in documents, as well as one for separately describing what tags were allowed, and where (the Document Type Definition (DTD) or schema). This allowed authors to create and use any markup they wished, selecting tags that made the most sense to them and were named in their own natural languages. Thus, SGML is properly a meta- language, and many particular markup languages are derived from it. From the late '8. SGML system, including for example TEI and Doc. Book. SGML was promulgated as an International Standard by International Organization for Standardization, ISO 8. SGML found wide acceptance and use in fields with very large- scale documentation requirements. However, many found it cumbersome and difficult to learn. For example, SGML made end tags (or start- tags, or even both) optional in certain contexts, because its developers thought markup would be done manually by overworked support staff who would appreciate saving keystrokes. The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called . Except for the hyperlink tag, these were strongly influenced by SGMLguid, an in- house SGML- based documentation format at CERN. Eleven of these elements still exist in HTML 4. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) formally defined it as such with the mid- 1. HTML specification: . These formatting commands were derived from those used by typesetters to manually format documents. HTML became the main markup language for creating web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser, and is quite likely the most used markup language in the world today. XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a meta markup language that is now widely used. XML was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium, in a committee created and chaired by Jon Bosak. The main purpose of XML was to simplify SGML by focusing on a particular problem. However, XML eliminated many of the more complex and human- oriented features of SGML to simplify implementation environments such as documents and publications. However, it appeared to strike a happy medium between simplicity and flexibility, and was rapidly adopted for many other uses. XML is now widely used for communicating data between applications. Since January 2. 00. W3. C Recommendations for HTML have been based on XML rather than SGML, using the abbreviation XHTML (Extensible Hyper. Text Markup Language). The language specification requires that XHTML Web documents must be well- formed XML documents. This allows for more rigorous and robust documents while using tags familiar from HTML. One of the most noticeable differences between HTML and XHTML is the rule that all tags must be closed: empty HTML tags such as < br> must either be closed with a regular end- tag, or replaced by a special form: < br /> (the space before the '/' on the end tag is optional, but frequently used because it enables some pre- XML Web browsers, and SGML parsers, to accept the tag). Another is that all attribute values in tags must be quoted. Finally, all tag and attribute names within the XHTML namespace must be lowercase to be valid. HTML, on the other hand, was case- insensitive. Other XML- based applications. For a partial list of these, see List of XML markup languages. Features. This is not necessary; it is possible to isolate markup from text content, using pointers, offsets, IDs, or other methods to co- ordinate the two. However, embedded or . Here, for example, is a small section of text marked up in HTML: < h. Anatidae< /h. 1> < p>. The family < i> Anatidae< /i> includes ducks, geese, and swans. The codes h. 1, p, and em are examples of semantic markup, in that they describe the intended purpose or meaning of the text they include. Specifically, h. 1 means . A program interpreting such structural markup may apply its own rules or styles for presenting the various pieces of text, using different typefaces, boldness, font size, indentation, colour, or other styles, as desired. These guidelines are used by projects encoding historical documents, the works of particular scholars, periods, or genres, and so on. Alternative usage. Most of these are XML applications, because XML is a well- defined and extensible language. The use of XML has also led to the possibility of combining multiple markup languages into a single profile, like XHTML+SMIL and XHTML+Math. ML+SVG. This leads to the web design principle of the rule of least power, which advocates using the least (computationally) powerful language that satisfies a task to facilitate such manipulation and reuse. See also. Merriam- Webster Dictionary. Communications of the ACM. Retrieved 9 July 2. Edwards, 1. 95. 7), 7. Chiarella v. United States, 4. U. S. 2. 22 (1. 98. From the Notebooks of H. J. H & D. H. A on Composition, Kingsport Press Inc., undated (1. Rice, Stanley. Unix in a nutshell: Chapter 1. ISBN 1- 5. 65. 92- 0. Reid, Brian. Also available as Technical Report CMU- CS- 8. Tim Berners- Lee, . World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved November 1.
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